How to Lose a Constitutional Democracy

Constitutional Democracy and Public Judgements

This paper proposes a new conceptual framework of a liberal social order, which emphasizes the freedom of action in social interaction and the freedom of participation in social rule-making process. Our articulation of public decision-making process can be interpreted as a formal way of capturing the essence of constitutional democracy, which is an impure mixture of constructivist rationalism a...

How to Choose a Constitutional Theory

How to lose friends and alienate people.

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How to Lose with Least Probability

Two players alternate tossing a biased coin where the probability of getting heads is p. The current player is awarded α points for tails and α + β for heads. The first player reaching n points wins. For a completely unfair coin the player going first certainly wins. For other coin biases, the player going first has the advantage, but the advantage depends on the coin bias. We calculate the fir...

How Does a Dication Lose a Proton?

A detailed study of the mechanism by which a proton is lost from a dication reveals that such processes are more complicated than is often assumed. In many cases, a deprotonation reaction is best viewed as a two-stage process: Initially, the departing unit is better described as a hydrogen atom than as a proton and only later, at some point further along the decomposition pathway, does a sponta...